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Article History

Received: 29 January 2026

Accepted: 18 May 2026

First Online: 8 June 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: All patient data were anonymized and de-identified prior to analysis to ensure confidentiality and privacy. The procedures were in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. According to the “Ethical Review Measures for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects” issued by the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, if research utilizes human materials or data containing identifiable personal information, and the subject cannot be located, while the research project involves no personal privacy or commercial interests, the signing of informed consent may be waived upon review and approval by the ethics committee.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.