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Article History

Received: 25 February 2025

Accepted: 12 June 2026

First Online: 18 July 2026

Ethics

Declarations: I, Joshua Stephen Kileo, declare that this dissertation is my original work and that it has not and will not be presented or conducted elsewhere in a similar manner for either an award or as a research project.

Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical clearance was sought from the University of Dodoma (UDOM) Institutional Research Review Ethical Committee (IRREC). Permission to conduct study was sought from the hospital director of IRRH. To ensure confidentiality participants were coded with numbers instead of their real names. Documents were placed in a secure place which was only accessed by principal investigator and research assistants. Electronic data was be protected by password.Written informed consent was obtained from participants before being enrolled in the study. Full elaboration of the study aims and benefit was done to the participants and they had chance to voluntary participate in the study. Participants were informed that they can withdraw from the study at any stage of the interview if they so desire and their withdrawal or decline in participating was not going to prevent them from being given equal care as other study participants.This study adhered to the Helsinki Declaration

Consent for publication: All participants signed written informed consent forms before participation in the study.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.