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Authors
Zhang, Yongsheng
Su, Shili
Li, Qianqian
Zhao, Mingqiang
Luo, Shuzhi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shandong Provincial Medical and Health Science and Technology Project (202318001054)
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Article History
Received: 20 December 2025
Accepted: 30 July 2026
First Online: 5 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was reviewed and approved by Ethics Committee of Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, with the approval number:2023-98. Informed consent was waived by Ethics Committee of Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University for this study because this was a retrospective study and the data are anonymous. All methods were carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, relevant guidelines and regulations.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
