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Article History

Received: 26 June 2026

Accepted: 25 August 2026

First Online: 10 September 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Institutional permission was obtained from the Faculty of Medicine of the University Hospital where the study took place, followed by approval from the Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Approval No: E-59491012–604). Written and verbal informed consent was obtained from all participating pregnant women prior to enrollment. All study procedures, including online education sessions via Zoom and data collection through Google Forms, were conducted in compliance with ethical guidelines to ensure participant confidentiality and data security. Participants were informed that their participation was voluntary and that they could withdraw from the study at any time without any consequences to their medical care.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.