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Authors
Tan, Jing
Chen, Qianhong
Xie, Qiuxia
Zhou, Zengyuan
Lian, Jingchao
Wang, Wanjun
Jiang, Yilei
Tang, Xinyi
Dong, Lingling
Zhang, Huanchang
Su, Xiujuan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital (2025B05)
Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital (2024B02)
National Center for Women and Children’s Health, NHC, PRC (2024FYH15)
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Article History
Received: 15 July 2026
Accepted: 26 August 2026
First Online: 28 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The ethics committee of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital has approved the study (KS25255). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants prior to enrollment.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
