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Authors
Ghirmay, Ruth https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7490-497X
Abdu, Nuru https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2426-4337
Jabir, Nerjis https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8633-7611
Zerezghi, Habteselassie
Tesfamariam, Eyasu H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8462-0500
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Article History
Received: 24 February 2026
Accepted: 26 August 2026
First Online: 1 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval was obtained from the Ministry of Health Research Ethics and Protocol Review Committee (reference number: 26/06/2023). Besides, permission was obtained from the medical director of Orotta Maternity National Referral Hospital. Study participants were informed about the objectives, procedures, potential risks, and benefits of the study, and written informed consent was obtained before participation. Confidentiality of participant information was strictly maintained. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki [50].
Consent of publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
