Funding for this research was provided by:
the Scientific Research Project of the Chinese Nursing Association (ZHKYQ202304)
the Chinese Medical Association Journal Approved Project (CMAPH-NRG2022005)
the Funding for Scientific Research Projects from Wuhan Municipal Health Commission (WZ22C54)
the Central Hospital of Wuhan Approved Project (22YJ58)
Article History
Received: 11 December 2025
Accepted: 28 August 2026
First Online: 5 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.