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Article History

Received: 28 April 2026

Accepted: 9 September 2026

First Online: 15 September 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: The Düzce University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee approved the study (approval no. 2024/25). Retrospective use of de-identified clinical records was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The ethics committee waived the requirement for individual informed consent because the study used retrospective, de-identified data; this waiver also covered parental or legal-guardian consent for participants younger than 18 years.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.