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Article History

Received: 19 July 2018

Accepted: 14 January 2019

First Online: 21 January 2019

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: This study did not use involved human participants and but used data from anonymized electronic health records therefore informed consent was not applicable. The study protocol was approved by the independent scientific review committee for THIN (reference number 15THIN077), which ensured that the data used were to be analysed and interpreted appropriately. Data collection for THIN was approved by the NHS South East Multicentre Research Ethics Committee, and individual studies using THIN data do not require separate ethical approval if only anonymized THIN data is used. ().

: N/A

: LCS and LAGR work for CEIFE, which has received research funding from Bayer AG. LAGR has recevied honoraria for serving on advisory committees for Bayer AG. JZ is a full-time employee of Bayer AG.

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