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Article History

Received: 9 November 2018

Accepted: 5 September 2019

First Online: 29 October 2019

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: This study was approved by the institutional review board of Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Disease Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo according to the Helsinki declaration.

: The patients and their wives were provided written informed consent to participate in this study. They agreed to use their own indirect identifiers and to analyze their pathological specimens and blood samples for this study.

: For this work, K.Y. received research grants from Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.As for potential conflicts of interest of this study, K.Y. received honoraria as speakers at symposia from Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and Bristol-Myers Squibb. S. K received research funding from Eisai, REGENERON, Boehringer Ingelheim, Astellas Pharma, Gilead Sciences, Daiichi Sankyo, Takara Bio, Ono Pharmaceutical, Consulting or Advisory Role from Ono Pharmaceutical, Chugai Pharma, AstraZeneca, MSD, Novartis, Eisai, honoraria from Ono Pharmaceutical, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Astra Zeneca, Chugai Pharma, MSD, Pfizer, Sanofi, Nippon Kayaku, Boehringer Ingelheim, Meiji Seika Pharma, Taiho, Novartis, Daiichi-Sankyo, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Celgene, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, AYUMI Pharmaceutical Corporation, grants from AMED (Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development), grants from JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science). The other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.