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Article History

Received: 14 December 2021

Accepted: 27 May 2022

First Online: 17 June 2022

Declarations

:

: All methods carried out were approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Peking University, Cancer Hospital) and in accordance the guidelines and regulations of the International Council for Laboratory Animal Science (ICLAS) and all methods are reported in accordance with ARRIVE guidelines for the reporting of animal experiments.The details of the ICLAS Ethical Guideline was shown as follows:1. All animals have an intrinsic value, i.e. their welfare and wellbeing should be protected not because they have an instrumental value by religious, social, financial or any other standards, but because they have an intrinsic value.2. Following the theory of moderate biocentrism animals deserve protection of their welfare and wellbeing according to their position with the scala naturae, i.e. higher developed animals need stronger protection than lower developed animals.3. The use of animals in experimental research should be avoided, where ever it is possible (Replacement).4. If animal research is necessary, as few animals as possible should be used (Reduction).5. Using animals for necessary experimental research should only be performed under high quality standards i.e. optimal methods, especially avoiding unnecessary pain (Refinement).6. For animal experiments with the expectation of severe suffering or pain humane endpoints need to be defined in advance.7. Persons using animals in experimental research take over the responsibility for the welfare and wellbeing of their animals (Responsibility).8. Only persons with adequate training are allowed to perform or participate animal experiments.9. Animal experiments must be ethically justified by the responsible researcher as well as assured of an ethical review by a committee respecting the regional legislation, religion and moral.10. Results of animal experiments need to be published whenever possible in order to avoid unnecessary further experiments addressing the same issues.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.