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Authors
Sato, Kodai
Sakamoto, Shinichi
Saito, Shinpei
Shibata, Hiroki
Yamada, Yasutaka
Takeuchi, Nobuyoshi
Goto, Yusuke
Tomokazu, Sazuka
Imamura, Yusuke
Ichikawa, Tomohiko
Kawakami, Eiryo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (20K09555)
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (20H03813)
Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) CREST Grant (JPMJCR20H4)
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Article History
Received: 2 August 2024
Accepted: 14 November 2024
First Online: 25 November 2024
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in compliance with the spirit of the ‘Declaration of Helsinki, Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects’ (as amended in Fortaleza, October 2013). The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine (approval number: M10238). As this is an observational study using only information obtained from medical records, the IRB of Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine determined that obtaining informed consent was not necessary. Therefore, informed consent was not obtained from all participants in this study. This decision was made in accordance with Japanese regulations, specifically under the “Ethical Guidelines for Life Sciences and Medical Research Involving Human Subjects.” Details regarding the opt-out procedure and the information provided to potential participants are available on the website of the Chiba University Department of Urology. Specifically, the study’s purpose, methods, and handling of personal information are explained, along with the procedures for those wishing to opt out of the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
