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Authors
Kang, Ka-Won
Kim, Dae Sik
Lee, Se Ryeon
Heo, Mi Hwa
Eom, Hyeon-Seok
Jung, Jongheon
Lee, Ji Hyun
Kim, Sung-Hyun
Koh, Youngil
Min, Chang-Ki
Lee, Seung Shin
Lim, Sung-Nam
Yhim, Ho-Young
Lee, Myung-won
Lee, Je-Jung
Jung, Sung-Hoon
Bang, Soo-Mee
Kim, Kihyun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Korea Health Industry Development Institute (HE23C0024)
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Article History
Received: 16 March 2024
Accepted: 14 January 2025
First Online: 5 February 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of each medical center; all data were completely anonymized. As this study was conducted using anonymous patient data, the requirement for informed consent was waived following the regulations of each medical center's IRB (Korea University Anam Hospital: 2021AN0410; Korea University Guro Hospital: 2025GR0016; Korea University Ansan Hospital: 2024AS0320; Dongsan Medical Center: DSMC 2021–09-052; National Cancer Center: NCC2022-0087; Dong-A University Hospital: DAUHIRB-21–243; Seoul National University Hospital: H-2112–020-1280; Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital: KC22RIDI0327; Wonkwang University Hospital: WKUH IRB 2022–01-010; Haeundae Paik Hospital: 2024–12-019; Jeonbuk National University Hospital: CUH 2021–09-064; Chungnam National University Hospital: CNUH IRB 2021–09-058; Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital: CNUHH-2023–016; Seoul National University Bundang Hospital: B-2302–812-103; Samsung Medical Center: SMC 2021–09-073).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
