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Authors
Costelloe, Seán J.
Spencer, Jennifer D.
Humphries, Kathryn
Stark, Daniel
Dunwoodie, Elaine
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Article History
Received: 5 December 2024
Accepted: 20 January 2025
First Online: 11 February 2025
Declarations
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: This study complied with UK data protection legislation and Caldicott guidelines. All patient records and laboratory results were accessed only by clinicians and scientists directly involved in patient care. Patients were treated according to standard care protocols; no interventions or changes to their care were made due to this study. All data were anonymised prior to analysis by removing direct patient identifiers and assigning unique study identifiers. According to the NHS Health Research Authority online decision tool, a formal review by the NHS Research Ethics Committee (REC) was not required for this study due to its retrospective design and the use of anonymised patient data. The study was approved by the Caldicott Guardian at the Leeds Cancer Centre (LCC).
: Not applicable. This study does not contain any individual person’s data in any form (including individual details, images, or videos).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
