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Article History

Received: 8 July 2024

Accepted: 5 February 2025

First Online: 11 March 2025

Declarations

:

: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Nara Medical University Certified Review Board (ethics approval number nara0058). All patients provided written informed consent prior to inclusion in the study.

: Not applicable.

: KU has received consulting fees from Chugai Pharmaceutical, Eisai; and research funding from Chugai Pharmaceutical; and lecture fees from Chugai Pharmaceutical, Eisai; Takeda Pharmaceutical, Lilly Japan, and AstraZeneca. MM has received consulting fees from Chugai Pharmaceutical, AstraZeneca, Bayer Yakuhin, Esai, Eli Lilly Japan, Takeda Pharmaceutical, and MSD; and participated in advisory boards for Chugai Pharmaceutical and AstraZeneca. YI has received research funding from Eisai, AstraZeneca, and Chugai Pharmaceutical. TY has received honoraria for speakers’ bureaus from AstraZeneca, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Eisai and Eli Lilly Japan; and participated in advisory boards for AstraZeneca and Eisai. MU has received honoraria from Taiho Pharmaceutical, AstraZeneca, Yakult Honsha, MSD, Nihon Servier, Ono Pharmaceutical, Incyte Biosciences Japan, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Boehringer Ingelheim, J-Pharma, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Takeda Pharmaceutical, and Novartis Pharma; and research funding from Taiho Pharmaceutical, AstraZeneca, MSD, Nihon Servier, Ono Pharmaceutical, Incyte Biosciences Japan, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Boehringer Ingelheim, J-Pharma, Eisai, Novartis Pharma, Astellas Pharma, DFP (Delta Fly Pharma), Novocure, and Chiome Bioscience. SO has received grants for research from Chugai Pharmaceutical, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly Japan, and Eisai; and lecture fees from Chugai Pharmaceutical, AstraZeneca, and Eisai. T Kuzuya has received lecture fees from Chugai Pharmaceutical, Takeda, Eisai, and AstraZeneca. T Kodama has received research funding from AstraZeneca; and lecture fees from Chugai Pharmaceutical, AstraZeneca, and Eisai. T Tada has received lecture fees from AbbVie GK, Eisai, and Chugai Pharmaceutical. KT has received lecture fees from Chugai Pharmaceutical, Eisai, Takeda Pharmaceutical, and AstraZeneca. KY has received research funding from Chugai Pharmaceutical, Eisai, GE Healthcare Japan, Guerbet Japan, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Terumo, Stryker Japan, and Japan Lifeline; consulting fees from Canon, Boston Scientific, Covidien Japan, and Century Medical; lecture fees from Covidien Japan, Guerbet Japan, Alfresa, Boston Scientific, Bayer Yakuhin, and Merit Medical Japan; payment for expert testimony from Boston Scientific; participated on advisory boards for Boston Scientific, and Covidien; and is the president of the Japanese Society of Interventional Radiology and the Asia–Pacific Society of Cardiovascular Interventional Radiology. MS has received grants for research from Canon Medical Systems Corporation and Dream Medical Partners; consulting fees from Boston Scientific Japan, Astellas Pharma, Guerbet Japan and Cardinal Health; honoraria for speakers’ bureaus from Covidien Japan, Canon Medical Systems, Global Embolization Oncology Symposium and Technologies, The Japanese Society For Neuroendovascular Therapy, Cardinal Health, Boston Scientific Japan, Society of Advanced Medical Imaging, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Bayer Yakuhin, Terumo, Japanese College of Angiology, AstraZeneca, The Japan Society of Gynecologic Oncology, GE Healthcare Japan, Guerbet Europe, Guerbet Japan, Tokyo Association of Radiological Technologists, Japan Radiological Society, Japanese Society of Nephrology, LaForce Group, Japanese Society of Medical Oncology, Hikari Pharmaceutical, Chinese College of Interventionalists, and Iwate Medical University; lecture fees from Covidien Japan, Boston Scientific Japan, Guerbet Japan, and PIOLAX MEDICAL DEVICES; payment for expert testimony from the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency and travel support from Global Embolization Oncology Symposium and Technologies. MI has received research funding from AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Eisai, Eli Lilly Japan, MSD, Ono Pharmaceutical, Merck Serono, and Novartis; consulting fees from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Eisai, Eli Lilly Japan, MSD, and Ono Pharmaceutical; and lecture fees from Abbott, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Eisai, Eli Lilly Japan, Gilead, MSD, Sumitomo Dainippon, and Takeda Pharmaceutical. T Takehara has received grants for research and lecture fees from Chugai Pharmaceutical. TH has received consulting fees from Chugai Pharmaceutical; and lecture fees from Kyorin Pharmaceutical and Meiji Seika Pharma. MK has received grants for research from Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Taiho Pharmaceutical, GE Healthcare Japan, Eisai, and AbbVie; consulting fees from Chugai Pharmaceutical, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Eisai, and AstraZeneca; and lecture fees from Chugai Pharmaceutical, Eisai, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly Japan, and Takeda Pharmaceutical. YK, HI, YS, and HN have no conflicts of interest.