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Article History

Received: 11 February 2025

Accepted: 1 April 2025

First Online: 10 April 2025

Declarations

:

: All patients provided written informed consent before participating in any study-related procedure. An ethics review committee approved the protocol (NRES Committee South Central—Oxford C REC reference number 14/SC/1010). Informed consent documentation was reviewed and approved by the institutional review board(s) or independent ethics committee(s) at each institution/country. The trial was authorised by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency in the UK and applicable competent authorities in each of the participating countries. The study was conducted as part of the portfolio of trials in the registered UKCRC Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit at the University of Oxford. It followed their Standard Operating Procedures ensuring compliance with the principles of Good Clinical Practice and the Declaration of Helsinki and any applicable regulatory requirements.

: All data has been anonymised and the manuscript does not contain any individually identifiable data. Not applicable.

: FA, EE, GP, HP, SVS, BTH, VP, PG, JH, LC, CR, CR, FDN, MG, RB, KB, JD, VC, ML, HK, MST, PLP, MRM, TSM, RA, RJ, MP, RHW: No competing interests connected with this study. MRM: supported by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Oxford. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors, not necessarily those of the National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health. JT: scientific consultancy: Alentis-Therapeutics/AstraZeneca/Aveo-Oncology/Boehringer-Ingelheim/Cardiff-oncology/CARSgen-Therapeutics/Chugai/Daiichi-Sankyo/Hoffmann-La Roche-Ltd/Genentech-Inc/hC.Bioscience/Immodulon-Therapeutics/Inspirna-Inc/Lilly/Menarini/Merck-Serono/Merus/MSD/Mirati/Neophore/Novartis/Ona Therapeutics/Ono-Pharma-USA/Orion-Biotechnology/Peptomyc/Pfizer/Pierre-Fabre/Samsung-Bioepis/Sanofi/Scandion-Oncology/Scorpion-Therapeutics/Seattle-Genetics/Servier/Sotio-Biotech/Taiho/Takeda-Oncology/Tolremo-Therapeutics. Stocks: Oniria-Therapeutics/Alentis-Therapeutics/Pangaea-Oncology/1 TRIALSP. Educational collaboration: Medscape Education/PeerView Institute for Medical Education and Physicians Education Resource. TA: advisory board meetings/consulting fees: Abbvie/Aptitude Health/BMS/Gritstone-Oncology/Gilead/GlaxoSmithKline/Merck&Co.Inc./Nordic-Oncology/Pfizer/Seagen/Servier/Takeda. Honoraria: BMS/GlaxoSmithKline/Merck&Co. Inc./Merck-Serono/Roche/Sanofi/Seagen/Servier. DMC member role: Inspirna. Supported BMS/Merck&Co.Inc./Takeda meetings. A.B: grants from Neophore/AstraZeneca/Boehringer-Ingelheim. Honoraria/consultation fees: Guardant-Health. Stock shareholder: Neophore, Kither Biotech. Advisory board member: Neophore.