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Article History

Received: 8 February 2024

Accepted: 8 April 2025

First Online: 22 July 2025

Declarations

:

: This research was approved by the Advarra Institutional Review Board for the generation of de-identified data sets for research. All work was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Human investigations were performed after approval by a local human investigations committee and in accordance with an assurance filed with and approved by the Department of Health and Human Services, where appropriate. Informed Consent was obtained from all patients and/or their legal guardians.

: Not Applicable.

: Reagan M Barnett reports employment at Guardant Health and stock/ownership interest in Guardant Health. Sante Gnerre reports employment at Guardant Health and stock/ownership interest in Guardant Health. Kristin Edwards reports employment at Guardant Health and stock/ownership interest in Guardant Health. Jason A Willis Reports Honoraria from Bayer and Cor2Ed. Michael J Overmann reports consulting/advisory roles at 3D Medicines, Array BioPharma, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eisai, Gritstone Bio, Janssen Medimmune, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Promega, Roche/Genentech, Spectrum Pharmaceuticals and Research funding from Bristol-Myers Squibb, MedImmune, Merck, Roche. Kanwal Raghav Reports consulting/advisory roles at 3D Medicines, Array BioPharma, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eisai, Gritstone Bio, Jansssen, MedImmune, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Promega, Roche/Genentech, Spectrum Pharmaceuticals and Research funding from Bristol-Myers Squibb, MedImmune, Merck and Roche. Arvind Dasari reports consulting/advisory roles at HutcMed, Illumina/Grail, Personalis, SIRTIS, Takeda and Research funding from Eisai, Guardant Health, Hutchison MediPharma, Merck, Natera, Xencor and travel/accommodations/expenses from Hutchison MediPharma, Takeda. Leylah Drusbosky reports employment at Guardant Health and stock/ownership interest in Guardant Health. Scott Kopetz reports stock/ownership interests in Frontier Medicines, Iylon, Lutris, Navire, Xilis and consulting/advisory roles at Abbvie, Accademia Nazionale Di Medicina (ACCMED), Amal Therapeutics, Amgen, AstraZeneca/MedImmune, AVEO, Bayer Health, Bicara Therapeutics, Black Diamond Therapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb/Medarex, Cardiff Oncology, Carina Biotech, CureTeq, EMD Serono, Endeavor BioMedicines, Flame Biosciences, Foundation Medicine, Frontier Medicines, Genentech, Genomic Health, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, HalioDx, Harbinger Oncology Inc, Holy Stone Healthcare, Inivata, Ipsen, Iylon, Jacobio, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, JOnhson & Johnson/Janssen, Lilly, Lutris, Merck, Mirati Therapeutics, NeoGenomics Laboratories, Novartis, Numab, Ono Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Redx Pharma, Repare Therapeutics, Replimune, Roche, Sanofi, Servier, Tachyon Therapeutics, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Takeda, Tempus, Xilis, Zentalis and research funding from Amgen, Array BioPharma, Biocartis, Daiichi Sankyo, EMD Serono, Genentech/Roche, Guardant Health, Lilly, MedImmune, Novartis, Sanofi. Van K Morris Reports consulting/advisory role at Incyte, Regeneron and research funding from Bicara Therapeutics, BioNTech, Bristol-Myers-Squibb, EMD Serono, Novartis, Pfizer. The remaining authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.