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Article History

Received: 21 March 2025

Accepted: 7 May 2025

First Online: 20 May 2025

Declarations

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: The monoclonal antibody production for the ELISA assay was performed in mice with approval from the Danish National Authority (The Animal Experiments Inspectorate) under approval No. 2018–15-0201–01574. All animals were handled in compliance with animal welfare guidelines. The study followed the ARRIVE guidelines (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) to ensure thorough and transparent reporting of the experimental methods.In cohort 1, the serum sample collection was done with approval by the Russian oncological research center (PG-ONC 2003/1) (Moscow, Russia) and the western institutional review board, inc. (Puyallup, WA, USA) (WIRB®Protocol #20161665). All patients gave their informed consent prior to sample collection.In cohort 2, all patients gave written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, 8 th version, and were included in the Danish BIOPAC study “BIOmarkers in patients with PAncreatic Cancer (BIOPAC) – can they provide new information of the disease and improve diagnosis and prognosis of patients?” (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03311776), which is a prospective multicenter open cohort study []. Study- and retrospective protocol were approved by the Danish Ethics committee (VEK KA20060113 and VEK H-17039022, respectively) and the Danish Data Protection Agency (j.nr. 2006–41-6848, 2012–58-0004; HGH-2015–027; I-Suite j.nr. 03960; and PACTICUS P-2020–834).

: J.T.-U., A.H., I.M.C., J.S.J., C.P.H., H.M.H.D., and L.N.J. have no conflict of interest to declare. R.S.P., M.C.B., L.L.L., M.K. and N.W. are employed at Nordic Bioscience, and are involved in the discovery and development of serological biomarkers. M.K., L.L.L. and N.W. own stocks in Nordic Bioscience.