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Article History

Received: 10 February 2025

Accepted: 13 May 2025

First Online: 22 May 2025

Declarations

:

: As a prescribed entity under Ontario’s privacy legislation [Personal Health Information Protection Act (PHIPA)], ICES is authorized to collect and use health care data for the purposes of health system analysis, evaluation, and decision support. Secure access to these data is governed by policies and procedures that are approved by the Information and Privacy Commissioner of Ontario. Section 45 of PHIPA authorizes ICES to collect personal health information, without consent, for the purpose of analysis or compiling statistical information with respect to the management of, evaluation or monitoring of the allocation of resources to or planning for all or part of the health system. Projects that use data collected by ICES under section 45 of PHIPA, and use no other data, are exempt from REB review. As such, the use of the data in this project is authorized under section 45 and approved by ICES’ Privacy and Legal Office.

: N/A.

: J. Raphael: advisory boards with Merck, Lilly, AstraZeneca and Novartis.