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Risk factors and prediction of distant metastasis (DM) of colon adenocarcinoma: a logistic regression and machine learning study based on surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-14329-z

Published Online: 2025-07-01

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Guo, Qiang

Li, Junyun

Wei, Zhe

Xu, Jingjing

Duan, Shaojun

Li, Jianfeng

Liu, Yaxi
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-07-01

Version of Record valid from 2025-07-01
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Article History

Received: 11 March 2025

Accepted: 13 May 2025

First Online: 1 July 2025

Declarations

:

: This retrospective study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Jincheng People’s Hospital (JCPH) (Approval No. 20250314003). Given the retrospective nature of the research, which utilized anonymized clinical data from the SEER database and JCPH, the IRB granted a waiver for the requirement of obtaining informed consents from participants. This decision was based on the following considerations: (1) the study involved no more than minimal risk to participants, (2) the waiver would not adversely affect the rights and welfare of the participants, (3) the research could not practicably be carried out without the waiver, and (4) the study did not involve any procedures for which written consent is normally required outside of the research context. All data were de-identified to ensure patient confidentiality and privacy.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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