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Breast cancer determinants in low- to upper-middle-income countries: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies and an urgent call for implementation science

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-14499-w

Published Online: 2025-07-01

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Debela, Mitiku Bonsa

Gonfa, Kebebe Bekele

Hussen, Mohammedaman Mama

Zenbaba, Demisu

Kahsay, Alemayehu Bayray

Mulugeta, Besufekad

Hoque, Muhammad

Abdeta, Chalchisa
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Article History

Received: 10 October 2024

Accepted: 11 June 2025

First Online: 1 July 2025

Declarations

:

: No ethical approval was needed because the data was collected and analyzed from previously reported research where informed consent had been obtained from participants.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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