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Authors
Mushumbusi, Alfred
Kaizilege, Godfrey
Chibwe, Elieza
Ottoman, Oscar
Kiritta, Richard
Matovelo, Dismas
Ndaboine, Edgar
Kidenya, Benson
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Article History
Received: 4 January 2025
Accepted: 11 July 2025
First Online: 20 August 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
: This study strictly adhered to relevant guidelines and regulations, ensuring ethical standards were upheld throughout data extraction and analysis, with measures taken to ensure data anonymization. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board, the Joint Ethical, Research, and Publication Committee of the Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences and Bugando Medical Centre (CUHAS/BMC), under reference CREC 717/2023. The IRB reviewed the study’s legal and ethical considerations and granted a waiver for participant consent.
