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Article History

Received: 25 March 2025

Accepted: 14 July 2025

First Online: 30 July 2025

Declarations

:

: We have submitted the ethical review of this research to the Ethics Committee of Lixin County People’s Hospital. Our center’s Ethics Committee believes that ethical approval can be waived for this research. This decision was made by our center’s Ethics Committee based on the “Ethical Review Measures for Life Science and Medical Research Involving Human Beings” issued by the National Committee of Science and Technology Ethics of China on February 18, 2023. According to Article 32 of this document, ethical review can be waived for life science and medical research involving human beings that uses human information data or biological samples under the following circumstances: it does not cause harm to the human body, does not involve sensitive personal information or commercial interests. Our research is only observational and retrospective, does not cause harm to the human body, and does not involve sensitive personal information or commercial interests. Therefore, the Ethics Committee of Lixin County People’s Hospital considers that ethical approval can be waived for this research.

: All authors have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript and consent to its publication in the journal BMC Cancer.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study is a retrospective one, and it only analyzes the existing de-identified medical records and data without involving any infringement of personal privacy or any intervention measures. According to Article 32 of the “Ethical Review Measures for Human Life Sciences and Medical Research” issued by the China National Science and Technology Ethics Committee on February 18, 2023, the following types of studies can be exempted from the informed consent procedure: (1) Research using legally obtained public data or data generated through observation without interfering with public behavior; (2) Research using anonymized information data; (3) Research using existing biological samples that comply with relevant regulations and ethical principles. This study meets the exemption conditions stipulated in the first and second items above. Therefore, the Ethics Committee of Lixin County People’s Hospital approved based on the above document, and this study can be exempted from the informed consent form, and it is confirmed that this study complies with relevant ethical requirements.