Lee, Matthew A.
Tan, Vanessa Y.
Pournaras, Dimitri J.
Wang, Sabrina
Dossus, Laure
Gunter, Marc J.
Wade, Kaitlin H.
Corbin, Laura J.
Timpson, Nicholas J.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Medical Research Council GW4 studentship (MR/R502340/1)
Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00011/1-7)
Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00011/1-7)
Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00011/1-7)
Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00011/1-7)
Cancer Research UK (PRCPJT-May22\100028)
Cancer Research UK (PRCPJT-May22\100028)
Cancer Research UK (PRCPJT-May22\100028)
Cancer Research UK (PRCPJT-May22\100028)
Cancer Research UK (PRCPJT-May22\100028)
Cancer Research UK (RCCPDF\100007)
Wellcome Trust (202802/Z/16/Z)
Wellcome Trust (202802/Z/16/Z)
Wellcome Trust (202802/Z/16/Z)
Article History
Received: 18 July 2024
Accepted: 25 July 2025
First Online: 21 October 2025
Declarations
:
: For the UK Biobank, ethical approval was obtained from the Northwest Multi-centre Research Ethics Committee (11/NW/0382).
: Not applicable.
: DP receives consulting fees from Johnson & Johnson and Novo Nordisk and payments for lectures, presentations, and educational events from Johnson & Johnson, Medtronic, and Novo Nordisk.
: Where authors are identified as personnel of the International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization, the authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this article and they do not necessarily represent the decisions, policy or views of the International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization.