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Authors
Mo, Feng
Li, Yang
Dong, Ce
Yang, Lijun
Ma, Xiaoli
Pan, Baogen
Fan, Zhenzeng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The 2023 Government-Funded Clinical Medicine Outstanding Talent Training Program (ZF2023194)
The 2018 Hebei Province Medical Science Research Key Project Plan (20180018)
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Article History
Received: 3 March 2025
Accepted: 29 July 2025
First Online: 6 October 2025
Declarations
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: Ethics approval for this study was obtained from the Medical Ethics Committee of Hebei General Hospital (Approval No. 2024-WD-96). All procedures involving animals were conducted in accordance with the guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals. For mouse euthanasia, we used carbon dioxide inhalation. Mice were placed in a chamber with a gradual increase in CO₂ concentration, which induced unconsciousness and then death, ensuring humane and pain - free euthanasia in line with ethical guidelines.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
