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Article History

Received: 15 December 2024

Accepted: 30 July 2025

First Online: 22 August 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang Province, China (No. KL20240622).This study is retrospective and the Ethics Committee has granted exemptions for informed consent forms for studies involving human participants or patient material.The Ethics Committee exempts the informed consent of this retrospective study not arbitrarily, but based on certain ethical principles and laws and regulations. The Declaration of Helsinki, as an international code of medical ethics, clearly states, “In medical research, doctors have the responsibility to protect the life, health, dignity, integrity, self-determination, privacy and confidentiality of personal information of research subjects.” The Measures for the Ethical Review of Biomedical Research Involving Humans also provide that, in certain circumstances, research projects can be conducted without the informed consent of subjects. These provisions provide a basis for the Ethics Committee to exempt informed consent under certain conditions.This retrospective study only collected part of the patients’ previous clinical data without causing any damage to the patients, and the research risk was extremely low. Moreover, the relevant data was anonymized, and the personal information of the study subjects could not be identified to protect their privacy. In addition, if this paper can be published successfully, it will have certain reference significance for the immunotherapy of gastric cancer patients complicated with chronic viral hepatitis B, and the research value is significant. At the same time, the Ethics Committee has perfect alternative measures and set up a supervision mechanism to ensure that the research is carried out legally and in compliance.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.