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Article History

Received: 24 August 2024

Accepted: 31 July 2025

First Online: 30 September 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval Permission has been obtained from the Ethics Committee for Medical Research and New Medical Technology of Sichuan Cancer Hospital (SCCHEC-02-2023-029). As this study involves retrospective data analysis without direct intervention in patient treatment or collection of biological samples containing identifiable personal information, informed consent has been exempted upon the approval of the Ethics Committee. According to Article 32 of the “Measures for Ethical Review of Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects” issued by the National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China, ethical review can be exempted for life sciences and medical research involving human subjects that utilize human information data or biological samples under circumstances where no harm is inflicted on humans, and no sensitive personal information or commercial interests are involved. The research was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and all methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.

: All authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. All authors have seen and agree with the contents of the manuscript, and there is no financial interest to report. We certify that the submission is original work and is not under review at any other publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.