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Authors
Han, Claire
Burd, Christin
Plascak, Jesse
Tounkara, Fode
Rosko, Ashley
Noonan, Anne
Tan, Alai
Ah, Diane Von
Ning, Xia
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Article History
Received: 9 May 2025
Accepted: 7 August 2025
First Online: 6 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by The Ohio State University Institutional Review Board. The requirement for informed consent was waived due to the use of retrospective, de-identified electronic health record (EHR) data.
: This study was conducted using retrospective, de-identified electronic health record (EHR) data. As such, no direct contact with patients occurred, and no identifiable private information was accessed. In accordance with institutional review board (IRB) regulations and federal guidelines, informed consent was waived due to the use of de-identified data. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ohio State University Institutional Review Board.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
