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Authors
Zhang, Xiqiang
Jing, Zhaoyi
Yu, Ao
Xu, Xinzhen
Meng, Hua
Wang, Kexin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program, Grant No.82470857, No. 82070852)
Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality (General Program, Grant No. 7242125)
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Article History
Received: 5 September 2024
Accepted: 19 August 2025
First Online: 6 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study utilized publicly available, de-identified data from the Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx) query tool of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database, and did not involve any individual-level identifiable information or direct interaction with human participants. In accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant national and institutional guidelines and regulations, the study was granted an exemption from the requirement for informed consent by the Ethics Committee of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
