Document is current

Article History

Received: 30 November 2024

Accepted: 21 August 2025

First Online: 14 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee of the main center, the Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University and Fujian Cancer Hospital per the Declaration of Helsinki, with the ethics approval number (No.K2024-414-01). The principal investigators from the other participating centers submitted ethical applications at the three institutions of the Research Ethics Committee of Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, the Ethics Committee of Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, and the First Ethics Committee of Henan Cancer Hospital’s Medical Ethics Committee, and all were approved. The ethics approval numbers are as follows: KY2024079 for Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, 2025-398-001 for Henan Cancer Hospital, and KY-2025-118 for Jiangsu Cancer Hospital. As this study is retrospective, informed consent is waived.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.