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Authors
Li, Xiangwen
Wang, Jiayi
Ma, Ying
Wang, Siyu
Yu, Xiao
Niu, Kexiang
Yan, Pu
Wu, Di
Song, Jian
Kou, Yule
Song, Li
Sun, Na
Zhang, Rongqiang
Liu, Qiling
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Special Research Program of the Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government (21JK0600)
the Qin Chuangyuan Project for Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry (L2024-QCY-ZYYJJQ-X172, L2024-QCY-ZYYJJQ-X100, L2024-QCY-ZYYJJQ-X172, L2024-QCY-ZYYJJQ-X183)
Innovative Research Team on the Etiology and Mechanisms of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases at Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine
the Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship (S202410716126, S202410716126)
the Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province (2025SF-YBXM-497, 2025SF-YBXM-497)
the Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Basic Research Program (2024JC-YBMS-729, 2024JC-YBMS-729)
Public Health Research and Innovation Team Project of Shaanxi Provincial Bureau of Disease Prevention and Control (202512, 202512, 202512, 202512, 202512)
the Key Laboratory of Environment-related Diseases and TCM Prevention and Control in Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang City excellent innovation team plan (L2024-CXNL-KJRCTD-KJ TD-0014, L2024-CXNL-KJRCTD-KJ TD-0014, L2024-CXNL-KJRCTD-KJ TD-0014, L2024-CXNL-KJRCTD-KJ TD-0014)
the Key Laboratory Scientific Research Program of the Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government (24JS009)
the Qin chuangyuan Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Research and Development Transformation Project of Shaanxi Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2022-QCYZH-007)
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Article History
Received: 24 June 2025
Accepted: 22 August 2025
First Online: 1 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study is a secondary analysis of publicly available data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) database. As the data are anonymized and do not involve direct interaction with human participants, ethical approval and informed consent to participate were not required for this study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
