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Authors
Liu, Wei
Peng, Zhen-zhen
Zhang, Tao
Liao, Kui
Li, Juan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission (KJQN202302717)
Science and Technology Bureau of Yuzhong District of Chongqing (20240125, 20240125)
General Project of Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau (CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX1037)
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Article History
Received: 10 July 2025
Accepted: 8 September 2025
First Online: 29 October 2025
Declarations
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: The authors are accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. This study utilized publicly available data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, which does not include confidential or personally identifiable information. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The Institutional Review Board of the University of Washington reviewed and approved a waiver of informed consent for GBD studies ( ).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
