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Authors
Wang, Guannan
Feng, Fang
Huang, Suo
Li, Chao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundations of China (81974269)
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Article History
Received: 14 July 2025
Accepted: 11 September 2025
First Online: 21 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine. The data used in this study were fully desensitized at the time of extraction to strictly protect patients’ private information. The investigator has applied to the ethics committee for exemption from informed consent and has been approved. We have also certified that the study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
