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Authors
Zhang, Yabin
Cai, Jiumei
Cui, Chunxiao
Qi, Shouliang
Zhao, Dan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (N2424010-19)
Climbing Fund of National Cancer Center (NCC201906B01)
Shenyang Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Imaging System Technology (19-110-4-10)
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Article History
Received: 16 June 2025
Accepted: 23 September 2025
First Online: 11 November 2025
Declarations
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: The Medical Ethics Committee of Liaoning Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University approved this retrospective study (No. 20221101; QYFY WZLL 28631), and the informed consent was waived. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
