Gao, Wentao
Liang, Jiafeng
Wang, Lingling
Zhao, Yanyan
Ma, Shenglin
Zhu, Lucheng
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China ((82373889))
The Construction Fund of Key Medical Disciplines of Hangzhou ((HZCH2021QN01))
the Youth Science and Technology Innovation Training Project of Hangzhou Cancer Hospital ((HZCH2021QN01))
Article History
Received: 31 May 2025
Accepted: 24 September 2025
First Online: 8 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The research involving human subjects was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hangzhou Cancer Hospital (No: HZCH-2024-023). As this study was retrospective, did not involve potential harm to participants, and did not involve identifable patient information, this study was exempted from written informed consent by the Ethics Committee of Hangzhou Cancer Hospital. These studies were conducted in accordance with local legislation and institutional requirements. According to national legislation and institutional regulations, written informed consent from participants or their legal guardians/next of kin is not required. All methods were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.