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Article History

Received: 1 September 2025

Accepted: 3 October 2025

First Online: 18 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The study and all associated protocols were reviewed and approved by the Committee on Human Research, Publication, and Ethics (CHRPE), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, School of Medical Sciences, under the Declaration of Helsinki (assigned approval number: CHRPE/AP/1081/23). Participants signed or thumbprinted a written consent form after receiving a thorough explanation before participating in the study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.