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Authors
Wu, Fang
Xu, Fangyi
He, Jie
Hu, Hongjie
Song, Xia
Fan, Shufeng
Su, Dongying
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Zhejiang Province Medical Science and Technology Project (2024KY1230)
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Article History
Received: 25 May 2025
Accepted: 30 October 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
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: he study was conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Ethical Review Board of Sir Run Shaw Hospital (approval number: 2022-457-01). In accordance with Article 38 of the Ethical Review Measures for Life Sciences and Medical Research Involving Human Subjects (2023), The requirement for informed consent was waivedfor the following reasons: (1).The research utilized historical medical data from which direct identifiers had been removed, and it was impracticable to contact the original participants.(2) .The study does not involve personal privacy or commercial interests, and the risks posed to participants did not exceed minimal risk.All data were processed in an anonymized manner to ensure confidentiality and compliance with ethical standards.
: All authors consent for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
