Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Su, Dongying
Zhang, Xiaochen
Wu, Yaoyao
Sun, Ke
Chen, Yiwen
Xiao, Wenbo
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 12 September 2025
Accepted: 17 November 2025
First Online: 29 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The study was conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the clinical research ethics committee of the First Affiliated Hospital, of Zhejiang university school of medicine (approval number: IIT20220327A). In accordance with Article 38 of the Ethical Review Measures for Life Sciences and Medical Research Involving Human Subjects (2023), The requirement for informed consent was waived for the following reasons: (1).The research utilized historical medical data from which direct identifiers had been removed, and it was impracticable to contact the original participants. (2).The study does not involve personal privacy or commercial interests, and the risks posed to participants did not exceed minimal risk. All data were processed in an anonymized manner to ensure confidentiality and compliance with ethical standards.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
