Li, Yongqiang
Zhang, Liwen
Liu, Yuqi
Ma, Ningyi
Wu, Kai-Liang
Mao, Jingfang
Chen, Jian
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Commission Funds (PW PW2022A-29, PW2023A-10 and PW2024A-40)
Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Commission Funds (PW PW2022A-29, PW2023A-10 and PW2024A-40)
Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Commission Funds (PW PW2022A-29, PW2023A-10 and PW2024A-40)
Shanghai Pudong New Area Science and Technology Development Fund for the People’s Livelihood Research Project (PKJ2023-Y41, PKJ2023-Y43 and PKJ2024-Y59)
Shanghai Pudong New Area Science and Technology Development Fund for the People’s Livelihood Research Project (PKJ2023-Y41, PKJ2023-Y43 and PKJ2024-Y59)
Shanghai Pudong New Area Science and Technology Development Fund for the People’s Livelihood Research Project (PKJ2023-Y41, PKJ2023-Y43 and PKJ2024-Y59)
Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Funds (202140009 and 202240052)
Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Funds (202140009 and 202240052)
Article History
Received: 19 August 2025
Accepted: 21 November 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
:
: This research had been approved by the institutional review boards of Shanghai proton and heavy ion center (SPHIC) (250624EXP-01) and all patients provided written informed consent before admission. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.