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Article History

Received: 2 September 2025

Accepted: 10 December 2025

First Online: 17 December 2025

Declarations

:

: This retrospective study utilized archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens from melanoma patients diagnosed between January 2000 and December 2016. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and received ethics approval from Sivas Cumhuriyet University Ethics Committee (Protocol Number 2017-10/15). Informed consent was obtained from all patients at the time of original specimen collection for diagnostic evaluation and potential future research applications of their pathological materials, subject to appropriate ethics committee oversight.

: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form including individual details, images, or videos.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: During the preparation of this manuscript, the authors used Claude Sonnet 4.5 (Anthropic, San Francisco, CA, USA) to assist with manuscript structuring and language editing for clarity and readability. The AI tool was not used for data generation, analysis, or interpretation. All scientific content, data analysis, statistical calculations, and clinical interpretations were performed by the authors. The authors take full responsibility for the accuracy, integrity, and content of this publication.