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Authors
Liufu, Yuling
Su, Ruihua
Wen, Yanhua
Guan, Yubao
Mahmoud, Menna Allah
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82272080)
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Article History
Received: 25 September 2025
Accepted: 22 December 2025
First Online: 2 January 2026
Declarations
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: This retrospective study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Ethics Committee approval number: KY01-2022-02-14). The requirement for written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of anonymized data. All procedures were performed in accordance with institutional guidelines and regulations for human subject research.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
