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T-cell exhaustion indicator characterizes the tumor microenvironment landscape and predicts colon adenocarcinoma prognosis via integrating single-cell RNA-seq and bulk RNA-sequencing

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-15535-5

Published Online: 2026-01-14

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Sun, Haifeng

Hu, Ning

Ma, Shaowei

Zheng, Yu

Niu, Ren

Zhu, Wenya

Qiu, Shaofan
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Innovation Cultivation Fund PLA General Hospital Sixth Medical Center (CXPY202205)

Medical Science Research Project of Hebei (20220104)
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-01-14

Version of Record valid from 2026-02-10
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Article History

Received: 19 July 2025

Accepted: 31 December 2025

First Online: 14 January 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval was not required for the studies on humans in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements because only commercially available established cell lines were used.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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