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Authors
Huang, Ying-Che
Liu, Yi-Yang
Liu, Hui-Ying
Chang, Yin-Lun
Wang, Hung-Jen
Chen, Yen-Ta
Luo, Hao-Lun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Science Technology Council, Taiwan (NSTC 114-2314-B-182A-112 -MY3)
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Article History
Received: 13 October 2025
Accepted: 2 January 2026
First Online: 24 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (IRB Nos. 202401237B0 and 202401236B0). The requirement for informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
