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Article History

Received: 18 June 2025

Accepted: 12 January 2026

First Online: 13 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee of Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch (approval no. KB/430 − 27/22). The requirement for informed consent to participate was waived by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch.

: Not Applicable.

: Marcin Kubeczko declares conference fees for Pfizer, Roche, Novartis, Teva, Amgen, Gilead, Swixx Biopharma, AstraZeneca and MSD; clinical trials for Roche, MSD, Novartis, Seagen, and Gilead; speaker’s honoraria from Novartis, Roche, Lilly, Pfizer, MSD, Teva, Amgen, Swixx Biopharma, AstraZeneca and Gilead; advisory board for Novartis and Gilead; all outside the submitted work. Anna Polakiewicz-Gilowska declares conferences fees for Pfizer, clinical trials for Roche, MSD, Novartis, Seagen, Gilead; speaker’s honorarium: Pfizer, Novartis, Gilead; all outside the submitted work. Katarzyna Świderska declares conferences fees: Novartis, clinical studies: Roche, MSD, Novartis; speaker’s honorarium: Novartis; all outside the submitted work. Aleksandra Leśniak declares conferences fees: Accord, Novartis, clinical studies: Roche, MSD, Novartis; speaker’s honorarium: Novartis; all outside the submitted work. Marta Mianowska-Malec declares conferences fees: Pfizer, Roche, Novartis, Teva, Amgen; clinical studies: Roche, MSD, Novartis; speaker’s honorarium: Novartis, Pfizer; all outside the submitted work. Barbaraba Łanoszka declares conferences fees: Pfizer, Roche, Novartis, Teva, Amgen, MSD; clinical studies: Roche, MSD, Novartis; speaker’s honorarium: Novartis, Komtur Care; all outside the submitted work. Konstanty Chomik declares conferences fees: Novartis, clinical studies: Roche, MSD, Novartis; speaker’s honorarium: Lilly; all outside the submitted work. Barbara Grandys: clinical studies: Roche, MSD, Novartis; speaker’s honorarium: Gilead, Novartis; all outside the submitted work. Natalya Lisovska declares clinical trials for Roche, MSD, Seagen, and Gilead; all outside the submitted work. Michał Jarząb declares conference fees for Gilead, Roche; clinical trials for Roche, MSD, Novartis, Seagen, and Gilead; speaker’s honoraria from Novartis, Roche, Lilly, Pfizer, Teva, Exact Sciences, Mammotome, and Gilead; advisory boards for Novartis and Pfizer; all outside submitted work. All other authors declare they have no competing interests.