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Article History

Received: 13 October 2025

Accepted: 16 January 2026

First Online: 3 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Commissions of the Angers University Hospital Center (CHU Angers) in France and the Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg (JMU) in Germany. This retrospective, observational study used de-identified data from an existing dataset of electronic health record data, did not involve direct enrolment of patients and personal identifiable data were not collected; the research team did not have a role in the initial collection of the data with identifiers and did not have access to identifiers. Therefore, no informed consent or waiver was required in accordance with EU General Data Protection Regulations (GDPR).

: Not applicable.

: MC has received honoraria for presentations from Eli Lilly and Novartis, travel support from AstraZeneca, Novartis and Pfizer, and has participated in data safety monitoring or advisory boards for AstraZeneca, Daichi-Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Menarini, Novartis, Sanofi and Seagen. JSF has received consulting fees, honoraria for presentations, travel support and has participated in data safety monitoring or advisory boards for AstraZeneca, Daichi-Sankyo, Eisai, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer and Seagen. VIIK has received consultancy fees for advisory boards and round tables from Eli Lilly, Gilead, Novartis and Pfizer, honoraria for presentations from AstraZeneca, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Gilead, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche and Seagen, travel support from Gilead and Novartis, research support from Novartis, and funding from Gilead for participation in this study. AW has served on advisory boards for AstraZeneca, MSD, Pfizer, Roche, Stemline and Novartis and has been an invited speaker for Daichi-Sankyo, Gilead, Eli Lilly, Novartis, and Pfizer. AGK has financial interests in Janssen and has received consultancy fees from IQVIA. MK has served on advisory boards for Janssen and GSK Oncology and has received consultancy fees from IQVIA. FB has been involved in advisory boards for Roche. CL, VMS, and QA are employees of IQVIA. IQVIA received funding from Gilead for the running of the study. NS, NS, OL and AK are employees of Gilead.