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Article History

Received: 23 September 2025

Accepted: 19 January 2026

First Online: 28 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This research protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Shinshu University School of Medicine (Approval No. #5212). In accordance with Chapter 5, Section 12 of the Ethical Guidelines for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects#, “Procedures for Obtaining Informed Consent,” this study does not necessarily require individual consent from each subject. However, information regarding the conduct of this research is available on the Shinshu University School of Medicine website (http://www.shinshu-u.ac.jp/faculty/ medicine/i-rinri/general/) and the hospital's Dentistry and Oral Surgery homepage (http://www.shinshu-u.ac.jp/faculty/medicine/chair/i-shika/), as well as at participating research facilities. This ensured that research subjects had the opportunity to refuse participation and that ethical standards were met. #Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology-JAPAN/ Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. December 22, 2014(Partially amended February 28, 2017)

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.