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Authors
He, Chaoyan
Zhang, Rongjin
Zhang, Hua
Zhang, Shudong
Wang, Shumin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Peking University Third Hospital Cohort Construction Project (No. BYSYDL2021018)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82072211)
Innovation Transformation Special Project of Haidian, China (No.HDCXZHKC2021203)
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Article History
Received: 12 September 2025
Accepted: 19 January 2026
First Online: 3 February 2026
Declarations
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: This retrospective observational study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Peking University Third Hospital, which also waived the need for informed consent due to the retrospective nature of the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
