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Authors
Fang, Jingshuai
Yu, Yuhui
Sun, Yan
Chen, Xiaofeng
Yan, Caiwang
Sun, Qiufen
Jin, Guangfu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Clinical Capacity Enhancement Project of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, the Pukou District Social Cause Science and Technology Development Project in 2020 (S2020-21)
the Pukou Branch Hospital of Jiangsu Province Hospital (Nanjing Pukou Central Hospital) Major Project of Science and Technology Development Fund in 2021 (KJ2021-1)
the Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project (2023ZD0501500)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82125033, 82230110, and 82388102)
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Article History
Received: 9 September 2025
Accepted: 19 January 2026
First Online: 2 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and received primary ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board of Nanjing Medical University (Approval No.: NJMUIRB (2021) 589). Additional specific approvals were obtained from The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Approval Nos.: 2020-SR-002 and 2020-SR-558) to cover the clinical data collection procedures conducted at that institution. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
