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Article History

Received: 30 October 2024

Accepted: 2 February 2026

First Online: 19 March 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethics, Consent to Participate, and Consent to Publish declarations: not applicable. The Institute for Clinical Evaluative Services (ICES), as a prescribed entity under PHIPA and the Coroners Act of Canada, is allowed to conduct analyses and compile statistical information about the health system’s management and effectiveness and the public’s health or safety.ICES Ethics statement: Section 45 of the Personal Health Information Protection Act (PHIPA) permits ICES to collect and use personal health information (PHI) without consent of the individual to whom the PHI relates if the collection/use is for the purpose of Evaluation, Planning or Management (EPM) of all or part of the health system and/or health services. ICES does not require Research Ethics Board (REB) approval for ICES Please note that ICES approval (PIA 2023-0990-708-000) was obtained before commencement of data extraction and analysis.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.