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Authors
Sano, Yusuke
Kajikawa, Riku
Mizusawa, Junki
Ioka, Tatsuya
Ozaka, Masato
Nakamura, Satoaki
Ito, Yoshinori
Furuse, Junji
Kobayashi, Satoshi
Fukuda, Haruhiko
Okusaka, Takuji
Ikeda, Masafumi
Miwa, Haruo
Sasahira, Naoki
Nagashima, Fumio
Ohkawa, Kazuyoshi
Yamazaki, Kentaro
Kanai, Masashi
Yamashita, Taro
Hara, Kazuo
Takayama, Yukiko
Komatsu, Yoshito
Fujimori, Nao
Hama, Naoki
Kamata, Ken
Hisano, Terumasa
Shimizu, Satoshi
Tobimatsu, Kazutoshi
Maeda, Shin
Ueno, Makoto
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Cancer Center Research and Development Fund (2023-J-03)
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Article History
Received: 7 December 2025
Accepted: 2 February 2026
First Online: 10 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the precepts established in the Declaration of Helsinki and Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Biological Research Involving Human Subjects. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of National Cancer Center on April 1, 2025 (2024 − 342). The requirement for individual consent was waived.
: Not applicable.
: J.M. received honoraria from Taiho Pharmaceutical, Chugai Pharmaceutical, and Merck. His spouse is an employee of Pfizer. T.I. received honoraria from Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., AstraZeneca, K.K, MSD K.K, Nihon Servier Co., Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Incyte Biosciences Japan GK, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., Astellas Pharma Inc., and Novartis Pharma K.K. J.F. received honoraria from Ono Pharmaceutical, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Eisai, Astra Zeneca, Servier, MSD, Novartis, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Teijin, Daiichi Sankyo, Ohhara Pharmaceutical, J-Pharma, Astellas, Delta-Fly-Pharma, TME Therapeutics, Pfizer, Onco Therapy Science, and Incyte Biosciences, and consulting fees from J-Pharma, participated on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board for Onco Therapy Science, Chugai Pharmaceutical, and Taiho Pharmaceutical, and held a leadership role in the Japan Oncology Network in Hepatobiliary and Pancreas. S.K. received lecture fees from Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, and Eisai, and honoraria from AstraZeneca, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Eisai, MSD, K.K., Nihon Servier Co., Ltd., Novartis, Ohtsuka Pharmaceutical, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. H.F. received lecture fees from Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd, and CMIC Co., Ltd. T.O. received grants from AstraZeneca, Syneos, Incyte, CHIOME Bioscience Inc., Sysmex Corporation, Amgen Inc. ,Linical, and Labcorp Genetics, consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Eisai, Nihon Medi-Physics Co., Ltd, Amgen Inc., Jazz Pharmaceuticals, and OHARA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and honoraria from MSD, K.K., Eisai, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Nihon Servier Co., Ltd., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Johnson & Johnson K.K., AstraZeneca, Kyowa Kirin, and Novartis. M.I. received honoraria from Guardant Health Japan, Nihon Servier Co., Ltd., Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., MSD K.K, Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., and Yakult Honsha Co., Ltd., and research funding from Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, Delta-Fly-Pharma, Merus N.V, Labcorp Genetics, Nihon Servier Co., Ltd., Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Amgen Inc., and Novartis. N.S. received honoraria from Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., AstraZeneca, K.K, MSD K.K, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. K.O. received honoraria from AstraZeneca, K.K, Incyte Biosciences Japan GK, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., and MSD K.K. K.Y. received honoraria from Chugai Pharmaceutical, Daiichi Sankyo, Yakult Honsha, Takeda, Merck Serono, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Lilly, Ono Pharmaceutical, MSD, and Bristol-Myers Squibb, and received research funding from Taiho Pharmaceutical. M.K. owns stocks in Therabiopharma Inc. and received honoraria from Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., AstraZeneca, K.K, and MSD K.K. T.Y. received grants from AstraZeneca, KK, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., and honoraria from AstraZeneca, KK, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., MSD K.K., Bristol-Myers Squibb, AbbVie, and Gilead Sciences. Y.K. received grants from AstraZeneca, Syneos, Incyte, Sysmex Corporation, Amgen Inc. Labcorp Genetics, Eisai, Amgen Inc., Jazz Pharmaceuticals, honoraria from MSD, Eisai, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Nihon Servier Co., Ltd., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., BMS, Merck, Astellas. N.F. received lecture fees from AstraZeneca K.K. and Novartis Pharma K.K. S.S. received grants from AstraZeneca K.K., Delta-Fly Pharma, INC., Nihon Servier, Co., Ltd., and Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. M.U. received honoraria from Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., AstraZeneca, K.K, Yakult Honsha Co., Ltd., MSD K.K, Nihon Servier Co., Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Incyte Biosciences Japan GK, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, J-pharma Co., Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Novartis Pharma K.K., and received research funding from Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., AstraZeneca, K.K, MSD K.K, Nihon Servier Co., Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Incyte Biosciences Japan GK, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, Eisai Co., Ltd., Novartis Pharma K.K, Astellas Pharma Inc., J-pharma Co., Ltd., DFP (Delta Fly Pharma), Inc., Amgen Inc., and Chiome Bioscience Inc. Y.S., R.K., M.O., S.N., Y.I., H.M., F.N., K.H., Y.T., N.H., K.K., T.H., K.T., and S.M. declare no conflict of interests.
